Roundup: Miner Capitulation, Hash Ribbons, & Price
Zack Morris | Research Analyst
Jun 20, 2024
Miner Capitulation, Hash Ribbons, & Price
“Miner capitulation” has been cited by many as the cause of the recent, tepid bitcoin price action.
But what is miner capitulation, and how do we know when it is happening and when it is likely to end? What clues into future price action does being armed with this information give us?
Miner capitulation is when bitcoin miners start shuttering operations because they’ve become unprofitable, often accompanied by selling bitcoin to shore up balance sheets in this time of stress.
Specifically, the cost to mine bitcoin, borne mostly by the cost of electricity, starts to exceed the revenue from mining bitcoin. This can happen to a bitcoin miner when they’re costs unexpectedly rise, the quantity of bitcoin they’re mining per unit of cost falls due to either the block subsidy getting halved and/or a reduction in network fees, or, finally, when the bitcoin price falls in USD terms. Since a bitcoin miner’s costs are denominated in dollars but they’re revenues are dominated in bitcoin, the BTC/USD exchange rate is a crucial component of miner profitability although it is largely outside of a miner’s control.
Industry-wide miner capitulation typically happens in bear markets, because the bitcoin price is falling rapidly, and in the period post-halving, because the block subsidy is cut in half. Throughout bitcoin’s history, the block subsidy has comprised the substantial majority of miner revenue, with fees being the minority. As bitcoin matures and the block subsidy continues to halve every four years, fees will at some point flip the block subsidy as the primary source of miner revenue, and perhaps we will no longer consistently go through periods of miner capitulation post-halving.








